The different i’rab in Arabic are the grammatical cases of nouns and verbs, which are indicated by suffixes and diacritics:
| Case | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Raf, marfu | Dammah |
| Nasb, mansub | Fatha |
| Khafd/jarr, makhfud/majrur | Kasra |
| Jazm, majzum | Sukun |
| I’rab is a consistent set of rules that allows Arabic speakers to identify the subject and direct object of a sentence. |